1. Greer SL, Wismar M., Figueras J. Introduction: Strengthening governance amidst changing governance. Berkshire: Open University Press; 2016. p. 3-26 .
2. Delaney L. The challenges of an integrated governance process in healthcare. Clinical Governance: An International Journal. 2015; 20(2): 74-81. [
DOI: 10.1108/CGIJ-02-2015-0005]
3. Fryatt R, Bennett S, Soucat A. Health sector governance: Should we be investing more?. BMJ Glob Health. 2017; 2(2): e000343. [
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000343]
4. Abimbola S, Negin J, Martiniuk AL, Jan S. Institutional analysis of health system governance. Health Policy and Planning. 2017; 32(9): 1337–44. [
DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czx083]
5. Ayed TL, Hajlaoui RH, Ayed AH, Badr OM. Necessity of changing modes of the traditional hospital governance. Journal of Advanced Management Science. 2015; 3(1): 60-6. [
DOI: 10.12720/ joams.3.1.60-66]
6. Seitio-Kgokgwe O, Robin RDC, Hill PhC, Barnett P. Analysing the stewardship function in Botswana’s health system: Reflecting on the past, looking to the future. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2016; 5(12): 705–13. [
DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.67]
7. Malawi Government. Health Sector Strategic Plan II (2017-2022). Available from URL: http://www. nationalplanningcycles. org/sites/default/files/ planning_ cycle_ repository/malawi/health_sector_ strategic_ plan_ii_030417_smt_dps.pdf. Last access: February 8, 2018.
8. Martin W, Pauly B, MacDonald M. Situational analysis for complex systems: Methodological development in public health research. AIMS Public Health. 2016; 3(1): 94–109. [
DOI: 10.3934/ publichealth.2016.1.94]
9. Senkubuge F, Modisenyane M, Bishaw T. Strengthening health systems by health sector reforms. Global Health Action. 2014; 7(1): 1-7. [
DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.23568]
10. Jie G. Corporate governance in hospital: Case of public hospital corporate governance structure reform in China [Master's thesis]. Lisbon: ISCTE Business School, Marketing, Operations and General Management; 2015.
11. De Geyndt W. Does autonomy for public hospitals in developing countries increase performance? Evidence-based case studies. Social Science & Medicine. 2017; 179: 74-80. [
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.038]
12. Börzel TA, Risse Th. Governance without a state: Can it work?. Regulation and Governance. 2010; 4: 113–34. [
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5991.2010.01076.x]
13. Matei A, Drumasu C. Corporate governance and public sector entities. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2015; 26: 495-504. [
DOI: 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00879-5]
14. Swanson RCh, Atun R, Best A, Betigeri A, de Campos F, Chunharas S, et al. Strengthening health systems in low-income countries by enhancing organizational capacities and improving institutions. Globalization and Health. 2015; 11(5): 1-8. [
DOI: 10.1186/s12992-015-0090-3]
15. Huss R, Green A, Sudarshan H, Karpagam SS, Ramani KV, Tomson G, et al. Good governance and corruption in the health sector: lessons from the Karnataka experience. Health Policy and Planning. 2011; 26(6): 471–84. [
DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czq080]
16. Brinkerhoff DW, Bossert ThJ. Health governance: Principal–agent linkages and health system strengthening. Health Policy and Planning. 2014; 29(6): 685–93. [
DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czs132]
17. Adegbite E. Corporate governance regulation in Nigeria. Corporate Governance The International Journal of Business in Society. 2012; 12(2): 257-76. [
DOI: 10.1108/14720701211214124]
18. Cripps G, Kress D, Olson C, Ross A. Health Reform Policy Issues in Malawi: A Rapid Assessment. Bethesda: Abt Associates Inc; 1998.
19. Chanturidze T, Obermann K. Governance in health – the need for exchange and evidence. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2016; 5(8): 507–10. [
DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.60]
20. Clarke AE. Situational Analysis. In: Mills AJ, Durepos G, E. Wiebe E, editors. Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. London: SAGE Publications, Inc; 2012.
21. Leiderer S, Hodick B, Kabey E, Roll M, Schnitzer S, Ziegenbein J. Public financial management for PRSP implementation in Malawi: Formal and informal PFM institutions in a decentralising system. Bonn: German Development Institute. 2007.
22. Asbu EZ, Walker O, Kirigia JM, Zawaira F, Magombo F, Zimpita P, et al. Assessing the efficiency of hospitals in Malawi: An application of the Pabón Lasso technique. Available from URL: http://www. aho.afro.who.int/en/ahm/issue/14/reports/assessing-efficiency- hospitals- malawi- application-pab%C3%B3n- lasso-technique. Last access: March 14, 2018.
23. Scott WR. Institutions and Organisations: Ideas, Interests, and Indentities. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc; 2014.
24. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006; 3(2): 77-101. [
DOI: 10.1191/ 1478088706qp063oa]
25. Institute of Directors of Malawi. The Malawi Code II Code of Best Practice for Corporate Governance in Malawi: Overarching Provisions. Institute of Directors of Malawi; 2010.
26. Selaratana S. Accountability in the Thai public sector [PhD thesis]. Glassgow: University of Glasgow; 2009.
27. Chiluwe QW, Nkhata BA. Analysis of water governance in Malawi: Towards a favourable enabling environment?. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 2014; 4(2): 313-23. [
DOI: 10.2166/washdev.2014.087]
28. Abor PA, Abekah-Nkrumah G, Abor J. An examination of hospital governance in Ghana. Leadership in Health Services. 2008; 21(1): 47-60. [
DOI: 10.1108/17511870810845905]
29. Deloitte. Developing an effective governance operating model: A guide for financial services boards and management teams. Available from URL: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Financial-Services/dttl-fsi-US-FSI-Developinganeffectivegovernance-031913.pdf. Last access: January 9, 2018.
30. Mihret DG, Grant B. The role of internal auditing in corporate governance: A Foucauldian analysis. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. 2017; 30(3): 699-719. [
DOI: 10.1108/AAAJ-10-2012-1134]
31. IFAC and CIPFA. International Framework: Good Governance in the Public Sector. New York and London: IFAC and CIPFA; 2014.
32. Lipunga AM, Tchereni BMH, Bakuwa RC. Emerging structural models for governance of public hospitals. International Journal of Health Governance. 2019; 24(2): 98-116. [
DOI: 10.1108/IJHG-03-2019-0018]
33. Tostensen A. Malawi: A Political Economy Analysis. Available from URL: https://nupi.brage.unit.no/ nupixmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2461122/NUPI_rapport_Malawi_Tostensen.pdf?sequence=1. Last access: March 14, 2018.
34. Cohen S, Karatzimas S. Tracing the future of reporting in the public sector: Introducing integrated popular reporting. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 2015; 28(6): 449-60. [
DOI: 10.1108/IJPSM-11-2014-0140]
35. Harding A, Preker AS. A Conceptual Framework for the Organizational Reforms of Hospitals. In: Preker AS, Harding A, editors. Innovations in Health Service Delivery: The Corporatization of Public Hospitals. Washington D.C.: The World Bank; 2003. p. 23 - 78.
36. Hendricksi SJ, Buchi E, Seekoe E, Bossert T, Robertsi M. Decentralisation in South Africa: Options for district health authorities in South Africa. 2014. In: Padarath A, King J, English R, editors. South African Health Review 2014/15. Durban: Health Systems Trust; 2015. P. 59-72.
37. Hunter M. Principles and Guidelines for Governance in Hospitals. Available from URL: https://www.cipearabia.org/files/pdf/Corporate_Governance/Principles_and_Guidelines_for_Governance_in_Hospitals_EN.pdf. Last access: September 17, 2017.
38. Hirigoyen G, Laouer R. Convergence of corporate and public governance: Insights from board process view. SAGE Open. 2013; 1–8. [
DOI: 10.1177/ 2158244013494384]
39. Hill M, Hupe P. Analysing policy processes as multiple governance: Accountability in social policy. Policy and Politics. 2006; 34(3): 557-73. [
DOI: 10.1332/ 030557306777695280]
40. Schneider H. The governance of national community health worker programmes in low-and-middle income countries: An empirically based framework for governance principles, purposes and tasks. International Journal of Health Policy Manangement. 2019; 8(1): 18-27. [
DOI: 10.15171/ ijhpm.2018.92]